Efikasi Diri terhadap Kecemasan Karier pada Mahasiswa Tingkat Akhir: Uji Moderasi Tawakal
Keywords:
Efikasi Diri, Kecemasan Karier, Tawakal
Abstract
Transisi dari dunia pendidikan menuju dunia kerja merupakan periode kritis dalam perkembangan karier mahasiswa akhir. Periode ini sering memicu kecemasan karier yang dipengaruhi oleh faktor psikologis dan faktor spiritual. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh efikasi diri terhadap kecemasan karier pada mahasiswa akhir serta menguji peran tawakal sebagai variabel moderator dalam hubungan tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif yang melibatkan mahasiswa akhir dari empat fakultas di IAIN Parepare dengan jumlah populasi sebanyak 1.300 orang. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 306 responden yang dipilih melalui proportionate stratified random sampling. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui kuesioner yang mengukur efikasi diri, kecemasan karier dan tawakal, dan dianalisis menggunakan Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA) dengan bantuan IBM SPSS versi 29.0. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara efikasi diri dengan kecemasan karier (-0.410; p < 0.001). Namun, pengujian MRA menunjukkan bahwa interaksi antara efikasi diri dan tawakal tidak singnifikan (p = 0.071), sehingga tawakal tidak memoderasi hubungan tersebut. Di sisi lain, tawakal terbukti memiliki pengaruh langsung yang signifikan terhadap kecemasan karier (-0.176; p < 0.001). Temuan ini mengindikasikan bahwa efikasi diri berperan dalam menurunkan kecemasan karier mahasiswa akhir, sementara tawakal tidak terbukti memoderasi hubungan antara efikasi diri dan kecemasan karier.
References
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Rahadi, D. R., & Farid, M. M. (2021). Monograf Analisis Variabel Moderating. In CV. Lentera Ilmu Mandiri (Vol. 7, Issue 2). CV. Lentera Ilmu Mandiri.
Rentzios, C., & Karagiannopoulou, E. (2021). Rethinking Associations between Distal Factors and Learning: Attachment, Approaches to Learning and the Mediating Role of Academic Emotions. Scientific Research Publishing, 12, 899–924. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.4236/psych.2021.126055
Riyono, B. (2012). Motivasi dengan Perspektif Psikologi Islam. In Quality Publishing.
Rokhmah, Y. (2025). Korelasi antara Tawakal dan Husnuzan dengan Kecemasan Karir pada Siswa Kelas XII Madrasah Aliyah Al-Asy’ari di Desa Keras Kecamatan Diwek Kabupaten Jombang.
Sartika, A., & Kurniawan, I. N. (2015). Skala Tawakal kepada Allah: Pengembangan Ukuran-ukuran Psikologis Surrender to God dalam Perspektif Islam. Psikologika: Jurnal Pemikiran Dan Penelitian Psikologi, 20(2), 129–142.
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Sujan, N. W. B., Hamjah, S. H., & Juli, S. (2025). Sorotan Karya Bersistematik Penggunaan Konsep Tawakal Dalam Kaunseling Islam Untuk Menangani Kebimbangan (Anxiety) dan Kemurungan (Depression). Al-Hikmah, 17(130–154).
Surya, A., Sofiah, D., & Farhanindya, H. H. (2025). Efikasi Diri dan Kecemasan Karir Mahasiswa Tingkat Akhir. Sukma: Jurnal Penelitian Psikologi, 6(1), 11–19.
Taylor, K. M., & Betz, N. E. (1983). Applications of Self-efficacy Theory to the Understanding and Treatment of Career Indecision. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 22(1), 63–81.
Tsai, C.-T. (Simon), Hsu, H., & Hsu, Y.-C. (2017). Tourism and Hospitality College Students’ Career Anxiety: Scale Development and Validation. Journal of Hospitality \& Tourism Education, 29(4), 158–165. https://doi.org/10.1080/10963758.2017.1382365
Tsarwah, V. A., Putri, R. A., Agusvina, N. N., Syahirah, V. G., & Ramadhan, M. A. I. (2024). The Effectiveness of Tawakkal Therapy in Reducing Future Anxietyin Students. Proceeding Conference on Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, 3, 600–609.
Vignoli, E. (2015). Career indecision and career exploration among older French adolescents: The specific role of general trait anxiety and future school and career anxiety. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 89, 182–191.
Yantie, M. S. (2025). Hubungan Tawakal dengan Efikasi Diri Santri di Pondok Pesantren Al-Qur’an Al-Ma’moen Cianjur.
Amalina, A. N., & Novita, M. P. (2025). Hubungan Orientasi Masa Depan dengan Kecemasan Karier pada Mahasiswa Tingkat Akhir di Jawa Tengah. G-Couns: Jurnal Bimbingan Dan Konseling, 9(3 SE-Articles), 1864–1874. https://doi.org/10.31316/g-couns.v9i3.7638
Astuti, T., & Riyono, B. (2023). Motivasi dan Kepribadian: Perspektif Islam tentang Dinamika Jiwa dan Perilaku Manusia. Humaniora, 35(1), 60–63. https://doi.org/10.22146/jh.83265
Bandura, A. (1977). Self-Efficacy: Toward a Unifying Theory of Behavioral Change. Psychological Review, 84(2), 191–215. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.84.2.191
Bandura, A. (1995). Self-Efficacy and Educational Development. In A. Bandura (Ed.), Self-Efficacy in Changing Societies (pp. 202–231). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511527692.008
Baron, M. R., & Kenny, A. D. (1986). The Moderator-Mediator Variable Distinction in Social Psychological Research: Conceptual, Strategic, and Statistical Considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173–1182.
Basri, M. M. I. (2008). Indahnya Tawakal. Indiva Pustaka.
Elfina, M. L., & Andriany, D. (2023). Career self-efficacy and future career anxiety on indonesian fresh graduates during pandemic. Jurnal Kajian Bimbingan Dan Konseling, 8(1), 24–32.
Fulbright, R. (2025). How Perceived Competence of Generative AI Affects Self Efficacy. Communications in Computer and Information Science, 2529 CCIS, 280–284. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-94171-9_26
Gerbino, M. (2020). Self-efficacy. In The Wiley Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences: Model and Theories: Measurement and Assessment: Personality Processes and Individual Differences: Clinical, Applied, and Cross-Cultural Research: Volume 1-4 (Vols. 1–4, pp. 387–391). https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118970843.ch243
Ghoni, A. (2016). Konsep tawakal dan relevansinya dengan tujuan pendidikan Islam: Studi komparasi mengenai konsep tawakal menurut M. Quraish Shihab dan
Yunan Nasution. An-Nuha: Jurnal Kajian Islam, Pendidikan, Budaya Dan Sosial, 3(2), 249–263.
Hazla, N., Meilani, W., Aprisya, S., Shainy, M. T., Azzahrah, N., & Wandiana, M. R. (2024). Analisis Kecemasan Karir pada Siswa dan Mahasiswa. Jurnal Educazione: Jurnal Pendidikan, Pembelajaran Dan Bimbingan Dan Konseling, 12(2), 115–122.
Hilmiyah, N. (2021). Hubungan antara Growth Mindset dan Tawakal terhadap Efikasi Diri Santri Putri Pondok Pesantren Al Itqon.
Kankaraš, M., & Capecchi, S. (2025). Neither agree nor disagree: use and misuse of the neutral response category in Likert-type scales. METRON, 83(1), 111–140. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40300-024-00276-5
Kasubakti, G. (2024). Implementasi tawakal dalam mengatasi kecemasan pada mahasiswa tingkat akhir program studi tasawuf dan psikoterapi UIN KH Abdurrahman Wahid. UIN KH Abdurrahman Wahid Pekalongan.
Lent, R. W., Brown, S. D., & Hackett, G. (1994). Toward a unifying social cognitive theory of career and academic interest, choice, and performance. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 45(1), 79–122.
Nursalam, S., Hidayat, D. R., & others. (2024). Kecemasan Menghadapi Dunia Kerja Ditinjau Dari Career Self-Efficacy Dan Adversity Quotient Pada Mahasiswa Tingkat Akhir Unj: a literature review. PROSIDING SEMINAR NASIONAL KEGURUAN DAN PENDIDIKAN (SNKP), 2, 367–376.
Quasimah, S. I., Sari, A. S., & Linsiya, R. W. (2024). Hubungan Self Efficacy Dengan Future Career Anxiety Pada Mahasiswa Tingkat Akhir Di Institut Teknologi Dan Sains Mandala Jember. Insight: Jurnal Pemikiran Dan Penelitian Psikologi, 20(1), 17–29.
Raeder, F., Karbach, L., Struwe, H., Margraf, J., & Zlomuzica, A. (2019). Low perceived self-efficacy impedes discriminative fear learning. Frontiers in Psychology, 10(JUN). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01191
Rahadi, D. R., & Farid, M. M. (2021). Monograf Analisis Variabel Moderating. In CV. Lentera Ilmu Mandiri (Vol. 7, Issue 2). CV. Lentera Ilmu Mandiri.
Rentzios, C., & Karagiannopoulou, E. (2021). Rethinking Associations between Distal Factors and Learning: Attachment, Approaches to Learning and the Mediating Role of Academic Emotions. Scientific Research Publishing, 12, 899–924. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.4236/psych.2021.126055
Riyono, B. (2012). Motivasi dengan Perspektif Psikologi Islam. In Quality Publishing.
Rokhmah, Y. (2025). Korelasi antara Tawakal dan Husnuzan dengan Kecemasan Karir pada Siswa Kelas XII Madrasah Aliyah Al-Asy’ari di Desa Keras Kecamatan Diwek Kabupaten Jombang.
Sartika, A., & Kurniawan, I. N. (2015). Skala Tawakal kepada Allah: Pengembangan Ukuran-ukuran Psikologis Surrender to God dalam Perspektif Islam. Psikologika: Jurnal Pemikiran Dan Penelitian Psikologi, 20(2), 129–142.
Schwitzgebel, E. (2024). Belief. In E. N. Zalta & U. Nodelman (Eds.), The {Stanford} Encyclopedia of Philosophy ({S}pring 2). Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University.
Shaik, D. N. (2026). Integrating Islamic Theology and Psychology: A Systematic Narrative Review of Religious Coping. Pastoral Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11089-025-01298-0
Sujan, N. W. B., Hamjah, S. H., & Juli, S. (2025). Sorotan Karya Bersistematik Penggunaan Konsep Tawakal Dalam Kaunseling Islam Untuk Menangani Kebimbangan (Anxiety) dan Kemurungan (Depression). Al-Hikmah, 17(130–154).
Surya, A., Sofiah, D., & Farhanindya, H. H. (2025). Efikasi Diri dan Kecemasan Karir Mahasiswa Tingkat Akhir. Sukma: Jurnal Penelitian Psikologi, 6(1), 11–19.
Taylor, K. M., & Betz, N. E. (1983). Applications of Self-efficacy Theory to the Understanding and Treatment of Career Indecision. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 22(1), 63–81.
Tsai, C.-T. (Simon), Hsu, H., & Hsu, Y.-C. (2017). Tourism and Hospitality College Students’ Career Anxiety: Scale Development and Validation. Journal of Hospitality \& Tourism Education, 29(4), 158–165. https://doi.org/10.1080/10963758.2017.1382365
Tsarwah, V. A., Putri, R. A., Agusvina, N. N., Syahirah, V. G., & Ramadhan, M. A. I. (2024). The Effectiveness of Tawakkal Therapy in Reducing Future Anxietyin Students. Proceeding Conference on Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, 3, 600–609.
Vignoli, E. (2015). Career indecision and career exploration among older French adolescents: The specific role of general trait anxiety and future school and career anxiety. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 89, 182–191.
Yantie, M. S. (2025). Hubungan Tawakal dengan Efikasi Diri Santri di Pondok Pesantren Al-Qur’an Al-Ma’moen Cianjur.
Published
2026-05-31
How to Cite
Hafid, S. H., Saleh, A. A., Astinah, & Nur Afiah. (2026). Efikasi Diri terhadap Kecemasan Karier pada Mahasiswa Tingkat Akhir: Uji Moderasi Tawakal. JAMBURA Guidance and Counseling Journal, 7(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.37411/jgcj.v7i1.4724
Section
Articles
Copyright (c) 2026 Sri Herlinda Hafid, Adnan Achiruddin Saleh, Astinah, Nur Afiah
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