PHBS dalam Tinjauan Pedagogi Bermain dan Internalisasi Moral Anak Usia Dini
Keywords:
Pedagogi bermain, perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat, moral, anak usia dini, tinjauan sistematis
Abstract
Perilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat (PHBS) merupakan keterampilan hidup mendasar bagi anak usia dini, namun implementasi pembelajarannya masih sering berfokus pada kepatuhan dan mengabaikan proses internalisasi moral. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meninjau secara sistematis bagaimana pedagogi berbasis bermain dapat menstimulasi PHBS sekaligus menumbuhkan nilai-nilai moral pada anak usia dini. Penelitian dilaksanakan dengan mengikuti pedoman PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses). Data disintesis dari berbagai studi yang dipublikasikan antara tahun 2020 hingga 2025 dari berbagai laman indeksasi. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa model pedagogi berbasis bermain yang bersifat simulatif, gamifikasi, dan konstruktif secara signifikan meningkatkan literasi kesehatan sekaligus menstimulasi perkembangan moral anak. Studi ini juga menemukan bahwa hidden curriculum dalam aktivitas bermain mampu mentransformasikan instruksi yang bersifat eksternal menjadi kesadaran moral. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa pedagogi berbasis bermain merupakan sarana penting bagi stimulasi perkembangan anak secara holistik. Oleh karena itu, pendidik perlu mengintegrasikan stimulasi perkembangan moral dalam berbagai aktivitas bermain guna mewujudkan pendidikan yang berkelanjutan.
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Imanda, I. P., & Lismayanti, L. (2025). Edukasi PHBS ( Perilaku Hidup Sehat Bersih Sehat ) cuci tangan pada anak sekolah : Literature Review. Jurnal Ilmiah Penelitian Mahasiswa, 3(6), 770–779. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.61722/jipm.v3i6.1735
Jia, R. M., & Stern, C. (2026). The inclusion or exclusion of studies based on critical appraisal results in JBI qualitative systematic reviews: An analysis of practices. Research Synthesis Methods, 17(2). https://doi.org/10.1017/RSM.2025.10042
Kay, İ., & Özkar, M. (2021). An Exploration of Interactivity and Tangibles in Blended Play Environments. In Springer Series in Design and Innovation (Vol. 13, pp. 341–351). Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65060-5_27
King, P., & Howard, J. L. (2016). Adaptable rather than free choice as a defining characteristic of play: Perspectives from Self-Determination Theory. American Journal of Play, 9(1), 56–70.
Lewis, Z. H., Swartz, M. C., & Lyons, E. J. (2016). What’s the Point?: A Review of Reward Systems Implemented in Gamification Interventions. Games for Health Journal, 5(2), 93–99. https://doi.org/10.1089/g4h.2015.0078
Liyanawatta, M., Yang, S. H., Cai, M. Y., Yu, S. Y., Wang, J. H., Chang, C. K., & Chen, G. D. (2026). Integrating the virtual drama-based embodied learning environment with GenAI agents in the classroom to enhance students’ learning effectiveness for career readiness. Education and Information Technologies. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-025-13806-z
Margowati, S., & Astuti, F. P. (2021). Implementasi PHBS pada anak usia dini melalui metode SELING. Journal of Holistic Nursing Science, 4(1), 10–15. https://journal.unimma.ac.id/index.php/nursing/article/view/1111
Markina, E., & Mollá, A. G. (2022). The effect of a teacher-centred and learner-centred approach on students’ participation in the English classroom. Bellaterra Journal of Teaching and Learning Language and Literature, 15(3). https://doi.org/10.5565/rev/jtl3.1007
Page, M. J., McKenzie, J. E., Bossuyt, P. M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T. C., Mulrow, C. D., Shamseer, L., Tetzlaff, J. M., Akl, E. A., Brennan, S. E., Chou, R., Glanville, J., Grimshaw, J. M., Hróbjartsson, A., Lalu, M. M., Li, T., Loder, E. W., Mayo-Wilson, E., McDonald, S., … Moher, D. (2021). The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. Bmj, 372. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n71
Piaget, J. (1999). Play, dreams, and imitation in childhood. Routledge.
Ramadhani, A. V., Hariyanti., Hidayah, N., Dary DN, W. U., & Khadijah. (2022). Pengembangan permainan internasional dalam mengembangkan sikap bersih lingkungan pada AUD di TK Zia Salsabila. Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Konseling, 4(3), 904–911. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.31004/jpdk.v4i3.4633
Riska, N., Handini, M. C., Asmawi, M., & Jarudin. (2021). Instructional-based Gamification in Improving Knowledge in Early Childhood. International Journal of Early Childhood Special Education, 13(2), 948–958. https://doi.org/10.9756/INT-JECSE/V13I2.211138
Sari, F., Mawarni, E. S., & Hasanah, N. (2025). Permainan ular tangga sebagai media edukasi Perilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat (PHBS) pada PAUD Al Khair Jonggol Bogor. Jurnal Pelayanan Dan Pengabdian Masyarakat (Pamas), 9(2), 181–189. https://doi.org/10.52643/pamas.v9i2.6069
Sohr, E. R., Gupta, A., Elby, A., & Radoff, J. (2023). How a child entangles empathy and computational thinking in reasoning about fairness. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 65(December 2021), 92–101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecresq.2023.05.010
Stetzik, L., Deeter, A., Parker, J., & Yukech, C. (2015). Puzzle-based versus traditional lecture: Comparing the effects of pedagogy on academic performance in an undergraduate human anatomy and physiology II lab. BMC Medical Education, 15(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-015-0390-6
Tayler, C. (2015). Learning in early childhood: Experiences, relationships and “learning to be.” European Journal of Education, 50(2), 160–174. https://doi.org/10.1111/ejed.12117
Ulfah, M., Yani, A., & Nurfauziah, A. N. (2021). Pengembangan Puzzle Book untuk membentuk perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat pada anak 5-6 Tahun. Indonesian Journal of Islamic Early Childhood Education, 5(2), 64–76. https://doi.org/10.51529/ijiece.v5i2.207
Varman, S. D., Kelly, B., Cliff, D. P., English, J., Hammersley, M. L., & Jones, R. A. (2025). Stakeholder perspectives of an experiential learning program at a children’s museum to promote healthy eating and physical activity. BMC Public Health, 25(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-22364-5
Veckalne, R., & Tambovceva, T. (2022). The role of digital transformation in education in promoting sustainable development. Virtual Economics, 5(4), 65–86. https://doi.org/10.34021/ve.2022.05.04(4)
Vygotsky, L. S. (1966). Play and its role in the mental development of child. Vosprosy Psikhologii, 12(6), 62–67.
Weber, A. M., & Greiff, S. (2023). ICT Skills in the Deployment of 21st Century Skills: A (Cognitive) Developmental Perspective through Early Childhood. Applied Sciences (Switzerland), 13(7). https://doi.org/10.3390/app13074615
Ananda, A. R., Mustikaningsih, W., & Junaidi. (2025). Sosialisasi PHBS melalui komunikasi interaktif dengan media gambar dan role play pada anak TK ABA I Kota Palangka Raya. Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, 1(2), 222–229. https://doi.org/doi.org/10.63822/3sag1q68
Ashari, Z. M., & Baharuddin, M. K. (2017). Play based pedagogy in pre-school: A meta analysis research. Man in India. https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85025165142?origin=resultslist
Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review, 84, 191–215. https://doi.org/doi: 10.1037/0033-295X.84.2.191
Braun, V., Clarke, V., Hayfield, N., & Terry, G. (2019). Thematic Analysis. In: Liamputtong, P, Ed., Handbook of Research Methods in Health Social Sciences. Springer.
Chauhan, S., Aggarwal, P., & Dutt, V. (2025). Brains and bots: EEG insights into moral learning with social robots and text-based methods. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, 69(1), 327–332. https://doi.org/10.1177/10711813251367371
Chookah, H. A., Agbenyega, J. S., Santos, I. M., & Habak, C. (2024). Play affordances of natural and non-natural materials in preschool children’s playful learning tasks. International Journal of Early Childhood, 56(3), 585–603. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13158-023-00348-z
Craps, M., & Brugnach, M. (2021). Experiential Learning of Local Relational Tasks for Global Sustainable Development by Using a Behavioral Simulation. Frontiers in Sustainability, 2. https://doi.org/10.3389/frsus.2021.694313
Fletcher, K., Wright, C. A., Pesch, A., Abdurokhmonova, G., & Hirsh-Pasek, K. (2024). Active playful learning as a robust, adaptable, culturally relevant pedagogy to foster children’s 21st century skills. Journal of Children and Media, 18(3), 309–321. https://doi.org/10.1080/17482798.2024.2356956
Gebrillia, R. G. (2025). Analisis perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat terhadap kualitas hidup masyarakat. Jurnal Kesehatan Dan Sains Medis, 1(1), 1–8. https://ojs.nexusjurnal.com/index.php/jksm/article/view/16/16
Greeno, J. G., & Van De Sande, C. (2007). Perspectival understanding of conceptions and conceptual growth in interaction. Educational Psychologist, 42(1), 9–23. https://doi.org/10.1080/00461520709336915
Gumulya, D., & Elaine, V. (2026). Applying the ADDIE Model to Develop a Phygital Pretend Play Learning Kit for Enhancing WellBeing in Early Childhood Education through Playful Learning. 11th International Conference on Digital Arts, Media and Technology and 9th ECTI Northern Section Conference on Electrical, Electronics, Computer and Telecommunications Engineering, ECTI DAMT and NCON 2026, 315–320. https://doi.org/10.1109/ECTIDAMTNCON67592.2026.11460047
Halida, Yuniarni, D., Astuti, I., Putri, A. P. P., Sanulita, H., & Windaniati. (2023). Permainan My City Cleaning Waste Recycle untuk meningkatkan karakter peduli lingkungan pada anak usia dini. Jurnal Obsesi : Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 7(2), 1961–1972. https://doi.org/10.31004/obsesi.v7i2.3456
Handayani, L., Afriza, N., & Novianti, T. N. (2025). Interactive games as tools for health education in children : A systematic review. Jurnal Berkala Kesehatan, 11(2), 91–98. https://doi.org/10.20527/jbk.v11i2.23801
Herman, Mukhlisah, N., Lismayani, A., & Amriani H, S. R. (2025). Efektivitas metode bermain dalam edukasi kesehatan bagi anak PAUD. Student Journal of Early Childhood Education, 05(2), 123–135. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.37411/sjece.v5i2.4436
Imanda, I. P., & Lismayanti, L. (2025). Edukasi PHBS ( Perilaku Hidup Sehat Bersih Sehat ) cuci tangan pada anak sekolah : Literature Review. Jurnal Ilmiah Penelitian Mahasiswa, 3(6), 770–779. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.61722/jipm.v3i6.1735
Jia, R. M., & Stern, C. (2026). The inclusion or exclusion of studies based on critical appraisal results in JBI qualitative systematic reviews: An analysis of practices. Research Synthesis Methods, 17(2). https://doi.org/10.1017/RSM.2025.10042
Kay, İ., & Özkar, M. (2021). An Exploration of Interactivity and Tangibles in Blended Play Environments. In Springer Series in Design and Innovation (Vol. 13, pp. 341–351). Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65060-5_27
King, P., & Howard, J. L. (2016). Adaptable rather than free choice as a defining characteristic of play: Perspectives from Self-Determination Theory. American Journal of Play, 9(1), 56–70.
Lewis, Z. H., Swartz, M. C., & Lyons, E. J. (2016). What’s the Point?: A Review of Reward Systems Implemented in Gamification Interventions. Games for Health Journal, 5(2), 93–99. https://doi.org/10.1089/g4h.2015.0078
Liyanawatta, M., Yang, S. H., Cai, M. Y., Yu, S. Y., Wang, J. H., Chang, C. K., & Chen, G. D. (2026). Integrating the virtual drama-based embodied learning environment with GenAI agents in the classroom to enhance students’ learning effectiveness for career readiness. Education and Information Technologies. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-025-13806-z
Margowati, S., & Astuti, F. P. (2021). Implementasi PHBS pada anak usia dini melalui metode SELING. Journal of Holistic Nursing Science, 4(1), 10–15. https://journal.unimma.ac.id/index.php/nursing/article/view/1111
Markina, E., & Mollá, A. G. (2022). The effect of a teacher-centred and learner-centred approach on students’ participation in the English classroom. Bellaterra Journal of Teaching and Learning Language and Literature, 15(3). https://doi.org/10.5565/rev/jtl3.1007
Page, M. J., McKenzie, J. E., Bossuyt, P. M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T. C., Mulrow, C. D., Shamseer, L., Tetzlaff, J. M., Akl, E. A., Brennan, S. E., Chou, R., Glanville, J., Grimshaw, J. M., Hróbjartsson, A., Lalu, M. M., Li, T., Loder, E. W., Mayo-Wilson, E., McDonald, S., … Moher, D. (2021). The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. Bmj, 372. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n71
Piaget, J. (1999). Play, dreams, and imitation in childhood. Routledge.
Ramadhani, A. V., Hariyanti., Hidayah, N., Dary DN, W. U., & Khadijah. (2022). Pengembangan permainan internasional dalam mengembangkan sikap bersih lingkungan pada AUD di TK Zia Salsabila. Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Konseling, 4(3), 904–911. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.31004/jpdk.v4i3.4633
Riska, N., Handini, M. C., Asmawi, M., & Jarudin. (2021). Instructional-based Gamification in Improving Knowledge in Early Childhood. International Journal of Early Childhood Special Education, 13(2), 948–958. https://doi.org/10.9756/INT-JECSE/V13I2.211138
Sari, F., Mawarni, E. S., & Hasanah, N. (2025). Permainan ular tangga sebagai media edukasi Perilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat (PHBS) pada PAUD Al Khair Jonggol Bogor. Jurnal Pelayanan Dan Pengabdian Masyarakat (Pamas), 9(2), 181–189. https://doi.org/10.52643/pamas.v9i2.6069
Sohr, E. R., Gupta, A., Elby, A., & Radoff, J. (2023). How a child entangles empathy and computational thinking in reasoning about fairness. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 65(December 2021), 92–101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecresq.2023.05.010
Stetzik, L., Deeter, A., Parker, J., & Yukech, C. (2015). Puzzle-based versus traditional lecture: Comparing the effects of pedagogy on academic performance in an undergraduate human anatomy and physiology II lab. BMC Medical Education, 15(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-015-0390-6
Tayler, C. (2015). Learning in early childhood: Experiences, relationships and “learning to be.” European Journal of Education, 50(2), 160–174. https://doi.org/10.1111/ejed.12117
Ulfah, M., Yani, A., & Nurfauziah, A. N. (2021). Pengembangan Puzzle Book untuk membentuk perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat pada anak 5-6 Tahun. Indonesian Journal of Islamic Early Childhood Education, 5(2), 64–76. https://doi.org/10.51529/ijiece.v5i2.207
Varman, S. D., Kelly, B., Cliff, D. P., English, J., Hammersley, M. L., & Jones, R. A. (2025). Stakeholder perspectives of an experiential learning program at a children’s museum to promote healthy eating and physical activity. BMC Public Health, 25(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-22364-5
Veckalne, R., & Tambovceva, T. (2022). The role of digital transformation in education in promoting sustainable development. Virtual Economics, 5(4), 65–86. https://doi.org/10.34021/ve.2022.05.04(4)
Vygotsky, L. S. (1966). Play and its role in the mental development of child. Vosprosy Psikhologii, 12(6), 62–67.
Weber, A. M., & Greiff, S. (2023). ICT Skills in the Deployment of 21st Century Skills: A (Cognitive) Developmental Perspective through Early Childhood. Applied Sciences (Switzerland), 13(7). https://doi.org/10.3390/app13074615
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2026-07-22
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